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碰撞动力学模型综述

2016-10-21 07:18| 发布者: aspen| 查看: 2475| 评论: 12|原作者: 鲍四元|来自: 科研中国

摘要: 本文目的是展现撞击分析的总体回顾和此领域内的一些重要方法。

5. 本论文主要工作:
1 给出细长圆锥形的截面杆受到质点纵向弹性碰撞时的精确解析解。使用了一种新方法用于分析质点-圆锥形杆碰撞,即由叠加法给出杆的响应。其结果可验证数值解和其他解析解。算例显示,所提出方法的优点之一是响应解的解析形式简洁。算例表明一些描述杆几何形状的变量在撞击分析中具有重要作用。

研究了含弹簧的锥形杆结构撞击问题的解析解。振动过程中把杆和质点作为整体考虑,采用无量纲变量,从而简化方程模型。算例说明了杆中波传播情况和撞击端的响应,并且讨论了质量比和锥形杆截面倾角对波传播的影响。解决了锥形杆结构的纵向撞击问题,并且与等截面杆的纵向撞击问题进行了比较。

2 把杆的质量函数和刚度函数作为2个独立的函数,对于质量函数和刚度函数的若干种形式,进行适当的函数变换后,基本方程转化为Bessel方程或具有常系数的常微分方程。得到满足正交条件的基本解,并且建立了一阶非均匀杆碰撞时的频率方程。

研究了如下受载梁的撞击问题:一个一端固支,一端自由的杆含有一个弹簧-质量耦合系统。使用DMSM方法,撞击问题转化为系统具有初速度的轴向振动系统。把撞击物和靶体作为一个整体振动,获得系统的微分方程,分离时间变量后,化为有初始边值的常微分方程问题。考虑系统的一些参数对系统频率的影响,并且给出此杆结构受撞击后的动态响应。

3 对于质点-梁撞击问题,把撞击物和被撞击物分开考虑,引入撞击力-时间模型,得到如下两种预报撞击力的方法:第一:基于位移协调方程的解法;第二:基于动力微分方程的数值法。与文[76]相比,方法一大幅简化了计算过程,得到近似解,且此法可以推广到四边简支板中去。

4 对于复合材料梁端部受撞击问题,本文把质量块看成质点,使用模态叠加法提供了弯扭耦合作用下的分析方法。算例表明此方法是有效的。

5 提出一种确定恢复系数的方法:即首先使用DMSM方法得到撞击结束时间,再得到恢复系数的步骤。算例表明,本文方法能够从理论上得到弹性碰撞恢复系数的表达式,且结果是有效的。

参考文献:
1. Goldsmith, Werner, Impact, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1960.

2. Brach, Raymond M., Mechanical Impact Dynamics: Rigid Body Collisions. JohnWiley & Sons, New York, 1991.

3. Zukas, Jonas A.; Nicholas, T.; Swift, H. F.; Greszczuk, L. B.; Curran, D. R. Impact Dynamics, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, 1992.

4 B. Hu, P. Eberhard and W. Schiehlen. Symbolic Impact Analysis for a Falling Conical Rod against the Rigid Ground [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2001, 240(1): 41-57.

5 Bin Hu, Peter Eberhard. Symbolic computation of longitudinal impact wave [J]. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 2001, 190: 4805-4815.

6. THOMAS W. WRIGHT. ElASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH A MATERIAL WITH VOIDS. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(10): 2033-2047.

7. A. Benatara, D. Rittelb, A.L. Yarinb. Theoretical and experimental analysis of longitudinal wave propagation in cylindrical viscoelastic rods. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2003(51) 1413-1431.

8. Maugin, Gerard A., The Thermomechanics of Plasticity and Fracture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.

9. Lubliner, Jacob, Plasticity Theory, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1990.

10. H. H. Ruan and T. X. Yu. Collision between mass–spring systems. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2005, 31(3): 267-288.

11. Kozlov, Valerii V. and Treshchëv, Dmitrii V., Billiards: A Genetic Introduction to the Dynamics of Systems with Impacts, American Mathematical Society, 1991.

12. Yildirim Hurmuzlu. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 65, No.4, An Energy Based Coefficient of Restitution for Planar Impacts of Slender Bars with Massive External Surfaces: 952-962.

13 姚文莉. 考虑波动效应的碰撞恢复系数研究. 山东科技大学学报,2004, 23 (2):83-86.

14. Ramírez, Rosa; Pöschel Thorsten; Brilliantov Nikolai V. and Schwager Thomas, Coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres, Physical Review E, 1999 60 (4), 4465-4472.

15. Falcon, E.; Laroche C.; Fauve S. and Coste C., Behavior of One Elastic Ball Bouncing Repeatedly off the Ground, The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 3, 1998, 45-57.

16. Kuwabara, G. and Kono K., Restitution Coefficient in a Collision Between Two Spheres, Jap. J. of Appl. Physics, 1987, 26(8): 1230-1233.

17. 尹邦信. 弹性板受撞击的动力响应分析. 应用数学和力学, 1996, 17 (7):639-644.

18. Johnson K. L., Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

19 Xing YuFeng, Zhu DeChao, Analytical Solutions of Impact Problems of Rod Strucutures with Springs. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. , 1998,160: 315~323

20 诸德超,邢誉峰. 点弹性碰撞问题之解析解. 力学学报, 1996, 28( 1): 99~103.

21 Xing Yu-feng, Qiao Yuan-song, Zhu De-chao, Sun Guo-jiang. Elastic Impact on Finite Timoshenko Beam. ACTA Mechanica Sinica. 2002, 18(3): 252-263.

22邢誉峰,诸德超. 杆和板弹性正碰撞的瞬态响应. 航空学报, 1996, 17(7): S42~S46

23邢誉峰. 梁结构线弹性碰撞的解析解. 北京航空航天大学学报. 1998, 24 (6): 633-637.

24邢誉峰.有限长Timoshenko梁弹性碰撞接触瞬间的动态特性[J].力学学报,1999,31(1):67-74.

25邢誉峰,诸德超,乔元松. 复合材料叠层梁和金属梁的固有振动特性. 力学学报. 1998,30 (5): 628-634.

26 邢誉峰,诸德超. 杆和梁在锁定过程的响应. 计算力学学报, 1998, 15(2): 192~196.

27 C.T. Sun and S. Chattopadhyay, Dynamic response of anisotropic laminated plates under initial stress to impact of a mass. J. Appl. Mech. 42 (1975), p. 693

28. A.L. Dobyns, Analysis of simply-supported orthotropic plates subject to static and dynamic loads. AIAA J. 19 (1980), 642.

29 A. Carvalho and C. Gliedes Soares. Dynamic response of rectangular plates of composite materials subjected to impact loads. Composite Structures, 1996,34(1): 55-63. 

30. T.J.R. Hughes, R.L. Taylor, J.L. Sackman et al., A finite element method for a class of contact-impact problems, Comput. Methods. Appl. Mech. Engrg. 8 (1976) 249-276.

31. J.C. Simo, N. Tarnow, K.K. Wong, Exact energy-momentum conserving algorithms and symplectic schemes for nonlinear dynamics, Comput. Methods. Appl. Mech. Engrg. 100 (1992) 63-116. 

32. Jerome M. Solberg, Panayiotis Papadopoulos. A finite element method for contact/impact.Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 1998 (30) 297-311. 

33 J.L. Escalona, J. Mayo, J. DomõÂ nguez. A new numerical method for the dynamic analysis of impact loads in flexible beams. Mechanism and Machine Theory. 1999(34) 765-780. 

34. R.-F. FUNG, J.-H. SUN, J.-W. WU. TRACKING CONTROL OF THE FLEXIBLE SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM SYSTEM UNDER IMPACT Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2002. 255(2), 337-355. 

35 Y. A. KHULIEF, A. A. SHABANA. Dynamic analysis of constrained system of rigid and flexible bodies with intermittent motion. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Journal of Mechanisms, Transactions, and Automation in Design 1986(108), 38–45.

36. Q. S. Li, L. F. Yang, Y. L. Zhao and G. Q. Li. Dynamic analysis of non-uniform beams and plates by finite elements with generalized degrees of freedom. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2003, 45(5): 813-830. 

37. Ke Yang , Q. S. Li and Lixiang Zhang. Longitudinal vibration analysis of multi-span liquid-filled pipelines with rigid constraints. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 273, (1,2):125-147.

38. Q. S. Li. Analytical solutions for buckling of multi-step non-uniform columns with arbitrary distribution of flexural stiffness or axial distributed loading. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2001, 43(2): 349-366.

39. Q. S. Li. Non-conservative stability of multi-step non-uniform columns. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2002, 39(9): 2387-2399.

40. Q. S. Li. Buckling of multi-step non-uniform beams with elastically restrained boundary conditions. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2001, 57(7): 753-777.

41. Q. S. Li. Classes of exact solutions for buckling of multi-step non-uniform columns with an arbitrary number of cracks subjected to concentrated and distributed axial loads. International Journal of Engineering Science, March 2003, , 41(6): 569-586.

42. Q. S. Li. Torsional vibration of multi-step non-uniform rods with various concentrated elements. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003, 2607(4): 637-651. 

43. H. Qiao, Q. S. Li and G. Q. Li. Vibratory characteristics of flexural non-uniform Euler–Bernoulli beams carrying an arbitrary number of spring–mass systems. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2002, 44(4): 725-743.

44. Q. S. Li, J. R. Wu and Jiayun Xu. Longitudinal vibration of multi-step non-uniform structures with lumped masses and spring supports. Applied Acoustics, 2002, 63(3):333-350.

45. Q. S. Li. Buckling analysis of non-uniform bars with rotational and translational springs. Engineering Structures, 2003, 25(10):1289-1299.

46. Q. S. Li. FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF NON-UNIFORM BEAMS WITH AN ARBITRARY NUMBER OF CRACKS AND CONCENTRATED MASSES. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002, 252(3): 509-525.

47. Q.S. Li, G.Q. Li, D.K. Liu. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2000, (42) 1135-1152 Exact solutions for longitudinal vibration of rods coupled by translational springs.

48 M. Gürgöze. ON THE EIGENVALUES OF VISCOUSLY DAMPED BEAMS, CARRYING HEAVY MASSES AND RESTRAINED BY LINEAR AND TORSIONAL SPRINGS. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1997208(1): 153-158.  

前半部分翻译自文献:
Salah Faik, Holly Witteman. Modeling of Impact Dynamics: A Literature Survey. International ADAMS User Conference. 2000. 1-11.
并结合自己的阅读写成。
12
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引用 MVH 2005-7-10 16:09
本帖最后由 VibInfo 于 2016-4-14 16:08 编辑

  

4 近年来的进展:

构方法研究了刚性小球和均匀柔性杆的纵向碰撞及和均匀柔性梁的横向碰撞问题,导出了用模态坐标表示的动力学方程。

(2) 直接模态叠加法研究弹性撞击问题 邢誉峰等利用DMSM策略,讨论了等截面杆、梁的碰撞问题[19-26]。文献[26]指出:这种方法可以得到结构弹性碰撞问题的解析解;这种方法不但可以用来分析平动结构的碰撞问题[19-25],还可以用来分析机构的各种弹性锁定问题[22];不但可以用来分析结构的点碰撞问题[19-20],对结构的线、面接触和碰撞等问题同样有效[23]。 对于梁碰撞问题,文献[24]进行了如下研究:考虑线弹性接触变形的前提下,分别对质点、杆与简支Euler-Bernoulli梁的垂直正撞问题进行了研究。文献[25]基于不同梁理论:Euler梁、Timoshenko梁和翘曲理论,比较了结构遭受冲击的动态响应。

 文献中,如果用一个假想的弹簧来模拟两个结构相碰处的接触刚度,并通过该弹簧把撞击体和靶体联系成一个组合振动体系,就可把结构碰撞分析转化为常规的结构振动响应分析问题,即是该组合振动体系在其撞击部分具有给定初始速度模式下的振动响应问题。因此可以方便地直接使用常规的振动模态叠加法或时间积分法来求解撞击问题。文献具体报道了利用解析模态和有限元离散模态求解质点-弹性杆的撞击力变化过程,并讨论了各种因素以及有限元建模对结果的影响。

  (3)纤维复合板

 纤维复合板复合板受到低速撞击问题已被许多学者研究过。Sun和Chattopadhyay[27]研究了一个四边简支各向同性板受到中心撞击的情形,并考虑了横向剪切变形。Dobyns[28]研究了受均布矩形荷载时的撞击情形。A.Carvalho和C Guedes Soares[29]也研究了板的撞击响应,对位移、转角采用Fourier级数展开,数值积分用Nemark方法,并与拉普拉斯解进行了比较。

 (4)有限元方面的进展

 文献[30]较早使用有限元方法研究了接触/撞击问题。文献[31]使用辛方法研究了非线性撞击问题。Jerome M. Solberg, Panayiotis Papadopoulos [32]基于非线性力学有限元原理,使用数值方法研究了接触/撞击问题。对于无摩擦问题,建立数值微分方程。在接触面上损失了一部分能量,以稳定接触面的动能场。数值解采用了Nemark积分法,较好地模拟了接触/撞击过程。文献[33]依据波传播理论提出一种新的数值算法:含有模态综合的有限元计算法,并与柔性杆受轴向撞击的经典St. Venant解进行了比较。

  台湾学者R.-F. FUNG AND J.-H. SUN和 J.-W. WU[34]研究了研究了滑动曲柄机构在撞击下的轨迹控制。Khulief and Shabana[35]通过GMB途径来研究多体系统的撞击问题,同时发展了CFM方法来研究多体系统撞击问题。

  除了上述研究,近年来许多学者对不等截面杆及受载梁的自由振动进行了大量研究。Q.S. LI等对等截面杆、不等截面杆含有集中质量-弹簧耦合系统进行了大量研究[36-47]。

 M. Gürgöze针对两个固支-自由纵向振动杆,端部带有质量块,由两弹簧-质量系统耦合文献,还讨论了梁含有阻尼器的自由振动[48]。

  5.本论文主要工作:

  1给出细长圆锥形的截面杆受到质点纵向弹性碰撞时的精确解析解。使用了一种新方法用于分析质点-圆锥形杆碰撞,即由叠加法给出杆的响应。其结果可验证数值解和其他解析解。算例显示,所提出方法的优点之一是响应解的解析形式简洁。算例表明一些描述杆几何形状的变量在撞击分析中具有重要作用。

  研究了含弹簧的锥形杆结构撞击问题的解析解。振动过程中把杆和质点作为整体考虑,采用无量纲变量,从而简化方程模型。算例说明了杆中波传播情况和撞击端的响应,并且讨论了质量比和锥形杆截面倾角对波传播的影响。解决了锥形杆结构的纵向撞击问题,并且与等截面杆的纵向撞击问题进行了比较。

  2 把杆的质量函数和刚度函数作为2个独立的函数,对于质量函数和刚度函数的若干种形式,进行适当的函数变换后,基本方程转化为Bessel方程或具有常系数的常微分方程。得到满足正交条件的基本解,并且建立了一阶非均匀杆碰撞时的频率方程。

  研究了如下受载梁的撞击问题:一个一端固支,一端自由的杆含有一个弹簧-质量耦合系统。使用DMSM方法,撞击问题转化为系统具有初速度的轴向振动系统。把撞击物和靶体作为一个整体振动,获得系统的微分方程,分离时间变量后,化为有初始边值的常微分方程问题。考虑系统的一些参数对系统频率的影响,并且给出此杆结构受撞击后的动态响应。

  3 对于质点-梁撞击问题,把撞击物和被撞击物分开考虑,引入撞击力-时间模型,得到如下两种预报撞击力的方法:第一:基于位移协调方程的解法;第二:基于动力微分方程的数值法。与文[76]相比,方法一大幅简化了计算过程,得到近似解,且此法可以推广到四边简支板中去。

  4对于复合材料梁端部受撞击问题,本文把质量块看成质点,使用模态叠加法提供了弯扭耦合作用下的分析方法。算例表明此方法是有效的。

  5 提出一种确定恢复系数的方法:即首先使用DMSM方法得到撞击结束时间,再得到恢复系数的步骤。算例表明,本文方法能够从理论上得到弹性碰撞恢复系数的表达式,且结果是有效的。
引用 MVH 2005-7-10 16:09
本帖最后由 VibInfo 于 2016-4-14 16:11 编辑

参考文献:

1. Goldsmith, Werner, Impact, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1960.

2. Brach, Raymond M., Mechanical Impact Dynamics: Rigid Body Collisions. JohnWiley & Sons, New York, 1991.

3. Zukas, Jonas A.; Nicholas, T.; Swift, H. F.; Greszczuk, L. B.; Curran, D. R. Impact Dynamics, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, 1992.

4 B. Hu, P. Eberhard and W. Schiehlen. Symbolic Impact Analysis for a Falling Conical Rod against the Rigid Ground [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2001, 240(1): 41-57.

5 Bin Hu, Peter Eberhard. Symbolic computation of longitudinal impact wave [J]. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 2001, 190: 4805-4815.

6. THOMAS W. WRIGHT. ElASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION THROUGH A MATERIAL WITH VOIDS. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(10): 2033-2047.

7. A. Benatara, D. Rittelb, A.L. Yarinb. Theoretical and experimental analysis of longitudinal wave propagation in cylindrical viscoelastic rods. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2003(51) 1413-1431.

8. Maugin, Gerard A., The Thermomechanics of Plasticity and Fracture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.

9. Lubliner, Jacob, Plasticity Theory, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1990.

10. H. H. Ruan and T. X. Yu. Collision between mass–spring systems. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2005, 31(3): 267-288.

11. Kozlov, Valerii V. and Treshchëv, Dmitrii V., Billiards: A Genetic Introduction to the Dynamics of Systems with Impacts, American Mathematical Society, 1991.

12. Yildirim Hurmuzlu. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 65, No.4, An Energy Based Coefficient of Restitution for Planar Impacts of Slender Bars with Massive External Surfaces: 952-962.

13 姚文莉. 考虑波动效应的碰撞恢复系数研究. 山东科技大学学报,2004, 23 (2):83-86.

14. Ramírez, Rosa; Pöschel Thorsten; Brilliantov Nikolai V. and Schwager Thomas, Coefficient of restitution of colliding viscoelastic spheres, Physical Review E, 1999 60 (4), 4465-4472.

15. Falcon, E.; Laroche C.; Fauve S. and Coste C., Behavior of One Elastic Ball Bouncing Repeatedly off the Ground, The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 3, 1998, 45-57.

16. Kuwabara, G. and Kono K., Restitution Coefficient in a Collision Between Two Spheres, Jap. J. of Appl. Physics, 1987, 26(8): 1230-1233.

17. 尹邦信. 弹性板受撞击的动力响应分析. 应用数学和力学, 1996, 17 (7):639-644.

18. Johnson K. L., Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

19 Xing YuFeng, Zhu DeChao, Analytical Solutions of Impact Problems of Rod Strucutures with Springs. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. , 1998,160: 315~323

20 诸德超,邢誉峰. 点弹性碰撞问题之解析解. 力学学报, 1996, 28( 1): 99~103.

21 Xing Yu-feng, Qiao Yuan-song, Zhu De-chao, Sun Guo-jiang. Elastic Impact on Finite Timoshenko Beam. ACTA Mechanica Sinica. 2002, 18(3): 252-263.

22邢誉峰,诸德超. 杆和板弹性正碰撞的瞬态响应. 航空学报, 1996, 17(7): S42~S46

23邢誉峰. 梁结构线弹性碰撞的解析解. 北京航空航天大学学报. 1998, 24 (6): 633-637.

24邢誉峰.有限长Timoshenko梁弹性碰撞接触瞬间的动态特性[J].力学学报,1999,31(1):67-74.

25邢誉峰,诸德超,乔元松. 复合材料叠层梁和金属梁的固有振动特性. 力学学报. 1998,30 (5): 628-634.

26 邢誉峰,诸德超. 杆和梁在锁定过程的响应. 计算力学学报, 1998, 15(2): 192~196.

27 C.T. Sun and S. Chattopadhyay, Dynamic response of anisotropic laminated plates under initial stress to impact of a mass. J. Appl. Mech. 42 (1975), p. 693

28. A.L. Dobyns, Analysis of simply-supported orthotropic plates subject to static and dynamic loads. AIAA J. 19 (1980), 642.

29 A. Carvalho and C. Gliedes Soares. Dynamic response of rectangular plates of composite materials subjected to impact loads. Composite Structures, 1996,34(1): 55-63. 

30. T.J.R. Hughes, R.L. Taylor, J.L. Sackman et al., A finite element method for a class of contact-impact problems, Comput. Methods. Appl. Mech. Engrg. 8 (1976) 249-276.

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前半部分翻译自文献:

Salah Faik, Holly Witteman. Modeling of Impact Dynamics: A Literature Survey. International ADAMS User Conference. 2000. 1-11.

并结合自己的阅读写成。
引用 yejet 2005-7-11 08:54
这篇不错,值得大家仔细看看
引用 Anonymous 2005-7-11 20:03
不错,收藏!
引用 ChinaMaker 2005-8-22 22:54
本帖最后由 VibInfo 于 2016-4-14 16:11 编辑

大家可以到http://www.sciei.com/bbs/dispbbs ... p;ID=215&page=2 交流
引用 frogfish 2005-9-14 21:15
《柔性多体系统接触碰撞子结构动力学模型》
摘要 对柔性多体系统接触碰撞的子结构动力学模型进行了深入的研究. 将柔性杆
纵向碰撞的解析解与该对象的子结构动力学模型的数值解进行了对照, 揭示了子结构
动力学模型能描述在接触碰撞期间应力波在柔性杆中的传播现象以及波的传播速度与
杆的某些参数间的关系, 研究了影响该模型精确性的参数范围, 给出了该参数的一些
优化值.
引用 zzzxxxx 2006-8-16 13:27
不错,就是比较难 啊
引用 zylzl 2006-8-16 13:51
不错啊,要好好借鉴借鉴!
引用 ansys10 2006-8-24 09:08
hao a ,学习了
引用 cadpair 2010-12-3 10:09
引用 zswx1866 2010-12-6 16:32
好多东西,学习了。

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